Bruce studied optometry as an undergraduate at City University and gained higher qualifications of PhD; Diploma in Contact Lens Practice; Diploma in Orthoptics; and fellowships of the College of Optometrists, American Academy of Optometry, European Academy of Optometry and Optics, and British Contact Lens Association. From 1998 to 2023, Bruce was director of research at the Institute of Optometry in London and he is visiting Professor at City St George’s University of London and at London South Bank University. He has lectured extensively and authored over 270 publications, including the last four editions of Pickwell’s Binocular Vision Anomalies.